At present, the classification methods of the extraction equipment are different. According to the different force, it can be divided into two types: gravity type and centrifugal type; from the liquid flow direction, it can be divided into continuous differential type contactor and graded contactor (mixed and clarified type); The input energy mode can be divided into three types: rotary stirring, pulse stirring and no stirring. For the comparison of the performance of common extraction equipment - mixing clarification tank, pulse sieve tray tower, centrifugal extractor, see Figure 1-1. Table 1-1 Comparison of performance of various types of extraction equipment Equipment type Equipment costs Operating maintenance fee effectiveness capacity Adaptability Volumetric efficiency height area Anti-emulsification Spray tower 5 5 1 2 2 1 0 5 3 Sieve tower 4 5 2 4 2 3 1 5 3 packed tower 4 5 2 2 2 2 1 5 3 Carousel tower 3 4 4 3 5 4 3 5 3 Pulse tower 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 5 1 Mixed clarification tank 2 2 3 4 3 3 5 1 0 Centrifugal extraction machine 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 is not good; 1 is bad; 2 is general; 3 is satisfactory; 4 is good; 5 is excellent Advantages of centrifugal extractor (1) High volumetric efficiency and large processing capacity. The volumetric efficiency of the extraction equipment can be measured by the efficiency factor. The so-called efficiency factor refers to the reciprocal of the residence time of the two-phase liquid in the equipment during extraction. It depends on equipment production capacity and mass transfer efficiency. If the production capacity is large and the mass transfer efficiency is high, the efficiency factor is also large, and vice versa. (2) The two-phase residence time is short. The mixed liquid in the drum is forced to phase by centrifugal force, and it can be quickly stratified even if it has a residence time of only a few seconds. Extraction of materials that are thermodynamically or chemically unstable is advantageous. For example, when penicillin is extracted in an acidic medium with butyl acetate, the longer the contact time of penicillin with the acidic medium, the more it is destroyed. Therefore, it is suitable to use a centrifugal extractor for such a process requiring rapid extraction. (3) The adaptability of the centrifugal extractor. Centrifugal extractors are used to analyze centrifugal forces that are thousands of times greater. Therefore, the centrifugal extractor is capable of handling systems with a two-phase density difference of less than 0.01. Such a small density difference is inoperable in the mixing clarification tank and the pulse sieve tray. In addition, fluctuations in certain operating conditions (such as speed and flow) have little effect on extraction efficiency during the operation of the centrifugal extractor. At the same time, the centrifugal extractor can also produce a liquid which is easily emulsified in two phases and can be phase-separated. It is easier to drive the car by the centrifugal extractor. The time from start-up to steady state is 20 minutes, while the mixing clarification tank takes 16 hours. The centrifugal extractor can be stopped in one hour without stopping, and the mixing clarification tank takes 5-6 hours. After cleaning the equipment after parking, the centrifugal extractor is also much shorter than the mixing clarification tank. The former is 1 to 2 hours, and the latter is 9 to 18 hours. (4) Small footprint. Under the same production capacity, the centrifugal extractor has a much smaller footprint than the mixing clarifier, which is much lower than the tower equipment. The centrifugal extractor takes up less space. (5) Centrifugal extraction machine is relatively easy to achieve long-distance automatic control. In the post-treatment of nuclear fuel, in order to prevent radiation damage to the operator from radioactive materials, a centrifugal extractor is selected for long-distance control and protection. (6) The investment cost is low. The cost of mixing clarification tanks, pulse sieve trays, and centrifugal extraction machines commonly used in nuclear fuel reprocessing, although the cost of the main equipment in the processing equipment costs is relatively high, but the advantages of centrifugal extraction machines lead to lower costs, so the total investment of equipment The centrifugal extractor is the lowest. More attention:
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