Salt injury, experts advise: Be careful "hidden salt"

The Chinese Nutrition Society recommends that healthy adults consume 6 grams of salt a day. According to the report on the status of nutrition and chronic diseases of Chinese residents (2015), in 2012, residents used 10.5 grams of salt per day on average. Although it was 1.5 grams lower than in 2002, it is still far exceeding the standard.

Cai Meiqin, professor of nutrition at the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, introduced that the research team of the Nutrition Department of the Jiaotong University School of Medicine had conducted surveys on salt, soy sauce for three meals a day for families of 45 households. As a result, it was found that the average intake of sodium salt per person per day was 7.9±3.0 grams, soy sauce was 10.1±5.6 grams, and monosodium glutamate was 4.0±3.8 grams. At the same time, soy sauce is indispensable in Shanghai people's diet. More than 90% of people use soy sauce for cooking every day. The average amount of soy sauce per person per day reaches 10.1 milliliters, equivalent to 1.5 grams of sodium salt. The salt intake through soy sauce accounts for 60% of the total salt intake. The salt intake in soy sauce should not be ignored.

Not only is soy sauce, but “salt” is hidden everywhere in the daily diet. Cai Meiqin said that most seasonings contain high concentrations of sodium, such as: salt, soy sauce, monosodium glutamate, oyster sauce, shrimp oil, vinegar, tomato sauce, bean paste, sweet noodles and so on. Processed foods, such as canned foods, breads, baked goods, frozen foods, etc., are added with salt, preservatives (such as sodium nitrite), soda ash, and other food additives. Preserved foods, such as sausages and ham, have higher salt content.

Even unprocessed natural foods contain sodium, including milk, eggs, meat and vegetables, and even drinking water. If balanced intake of various types of food, about 400 mg of sodium can be consumed a day.

How to find hidden "salt"? Dr. Ma Guansheng, deputy director of the China Nutrition Society and professor at Peking University's School of Public Health, recommends focusing on nutrition labels. "As of January 1, 2013, there must be a nutrition label on food packaging bags to provide advice to residents on food purchases. In nutritional labels, the sodium content must be indicated."

In addition to sodium, nutritional labels also list various nutrients such as fats, proteins, and trace elements that residents can refer to when purchasing foods.

In fact, the cooking salt in the home is still better controlled, and it is difficult to eat outside. The results of the “China Netizens Nutrition Knowledge and Knowledge Survey” conducted at the end of 2011 showed that netizens in the East China region could achieve 30.4% of controlled salt use, which is the highest in the country. However, when dining out, "passive salt" becomes inevitable. Ma Guansheng discovered that heavy-tasting dishes such as hot pot, barbecue, and Sichuan cuisine are very popular with young people. However, these foods are heavy oil, heavy salt, and eat less.

There is no need to say more about the relationship between excessive salt intake and high blood pressure. Cai Meiqin said that 100% of the surveyed residents had a knowledge of this. In fact, the high-salt diet is also related to osteoporosis. Ingestion of too much sodium will increase the excretion of calcium through the kidneys, and calcium loss leads to osteoporosis. At the same time, ingesting too much sodium salt will stimulate gastric mucosa, resulting in frequent division of gastric mucosal cells and increasing the chance of gastric cancer formation. In animal experiments, sodium salts have turned certain chemicals such as nitrite into carcinogenic nitrosamines.

If the dining table is difficult to avoid, Cai Meiqin suggests that people who regularly eat out can prepare a bowl of white water, and after washing the food, they can wash away a lot of oil and salt.

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