The Chinese rose is a rose plant of the Rosaceae family. Its flower posture is graceful, colorful, and has a strong aroma. It has a long flowering period and a wide adaptability. It is listed as the world's four fresh cut flowers together with chrysanthemum, carnation and gladiolus. It is the main flower industry in the world. product. Rose breeding is divided into two kinds of vegetative and sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is mostly used to breed new varieties or produce rootstocks. Asexual reproduction includes cuttings, ramets, layering, and tissue culture. Cutting propagation can not only maintain the excellent characteristics of the female parent, but also is easy to learn, fast to reproduce, and has a high survival rate. 1 cutting time It can be done in the spring and fall seasons. In the spring from late April to the end of May, the climate is mild and the shoots are strong. After 1 month of insertion, the roots can be established and the survival rate is high. The autumn cuttings were carried out from late August to the end of October. At this time, the cuttings were greatly influenced by the temperature difference between day and night, and the rooting was relatively slow. It took 40 to 50 days to take root, and the survival rate was slightly lower than the spring insertion. 2 Prepare the bed 2.1 Location Cutting seedbeds should be selected in places with deep soil, loose structure, good permeability, good drainage, and air circulation. 2.2 Specification width 1m, length 3m (It should be noted that seedbed size does not have much impact on the survival of cutting seedlings, and should be determined according to needs. When a large number of reproductions are needed, they can be slightly larger, and vice versa. 3 Matrix selection Rose cuttings can also be rooted directly in ordinary soil, but their survival rate is not high and they are not suitable for mass production. Therefore, fine sand is generally used as a substrate, and fine sand is preferably not used. In order to prevent the cuttings from rot during the rooting process, formaldehyde may be added to the fine sand, 5 ml/m3, and the fine sand may be placed on a clean floor. Beach sun and turn about 3 times, so that complete volatilization of formaldehyde, 3 ~ 5d after the bed can be filled. Seed and seedling seedlings of Elaeagnus angustifolia should be seeded on the seedbed evenly when filling with fine sand, gently suppress it, and pour water once. When the water is not dry, use a wooden block to gently scrape the sand. 4 Harvested shoots The selection of strong and vigorous branches with no pests (powdery and black spot) on the upper part of the year is not good for over-age and tenderness, affecting the survival rate, and it is best to use fresh shoots. After cutting branches, in order to prevent powdery mildew and black coal disease during the cutting process, spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times. 5 Cutting treatment When too many shoots are harvested, they should be soaked in water or piled under the shade (should always be moisturized). The harvested shoots were trimmed, and the upper part of the shoots were cut off. The middle and lower parts of the shoots were selected and cut every 10 cm. As a l cutting, 3 to 4 axillary buds were reserved. Leaves no leaves or leaves only 1 or 2 leaves on the top to prevent loss of moisture and nutrients in the cuttings to facilitate rooting and controlling shoot growth. Cut the top of the cutting into a flat mouth, cut into a slant at the bottom, cut a few millimeters from the axillary bud. Clipping should be smooth in order to form a healing tissue, which is conducive to rooting and can not be cut, otherwise it is difficult to root to form seedlings. The collected branches should be cut as soon as possible, and generally should be processed within 1~2h. 6 cutting method As far as possible with pruning, with processing, with cuttings. When the cuttings can not hurt the skin, generally first use a small wooden stick (chopper size) 0.6 ~ 0.8cm in the insertion of a hole in the bed, and then put the cuttings into the hole. The cutting depth is 1/3 of the length of the cuttings, the spacing between the rows is 10cm15cm, and the sand is lightly compacted by hand. Care should be taken to maintain the polarity of cuttings when cutting, especially if they do not have leaves, they cannot be inserted (make the eyes upward), otherwise they will affect the survival rate. The best way to bring leaves is to make the leaves in one direction (bright direction). After inserting all, sprinkle a small amount of fine sand and pour water once to make the cuttings tightly integrated with the sand body. Shed awnings, covered with white plastic film and shade nets. The plastic shed can regulate the temperature and humidity of the soil and air. The shade net can prevent direct sunlight and reduce the temperature. In addition to covering the shading net on the top of the seedbed, it is also necessary to shade the east and west sides of the seedbed to reduce morning and evening sunlight exposure. The optimum temperature for the rooting of the Chinese rose is 20 to 25°C, and the temperature is too high. In addition to covering the shade net, it can also be cooled by watering and cooling. 7 Post-insert management 7.1 Temperature should not be too high after cutting: Excessive shoots will cause buds to sprout quickly and grow into shoots. Inexperienced growers may think this is a good phenomenon. Actually, this is a precursor to cutting-edge failures because it requires the production of roots. If new shoots are to be taken first, this will consume the nutrients of the shoots and will affect the rooting rate. death. Therefore, in order to promote rooting, the temperature should be reduced as much as possible to 22-26 °C, try to make the air temperature equal to the ground temperature, when the temperature is too high, you can water in the shed or watering the ground, but also appropriate air cooling. 7.2 Watering The cutting is not suitable for the early stage of the cutting process. Generally, it can be poured once every 7 to 10 days. One month later, the cuttings began to take root and shoots, and the water consumption gradually increased. The water should be poured 3 to 5 days. The amount of water should be determined according to the soil moisture and air humidity, so that the soil is dry and wet. The optimum moisture condition after cuttings: the field holding capacity of the seedbed is maintained at about 80%, and the relative humidity of the air is 80% to 90%. Excessive humidity can control the amount of watering and enhance ventilation. When the humidity is too low, the amount of watering and the number of water sprays can be increased. 7.3 Weeding Remove the weeds in the plugger in a timely manner, but do not move the seedlings. 8 seedling transplanting At an ambient temperature of 22 to 26°C, the cuttings can take root after about 1 month. Then, the plastic film can be opened every day sooner or later to allow the seedlings to ventilate, and the ventilation and illumination time can be gradually extended so that the seedlings can basically adapt to the external environmental conditions. After 7 to 10 days, the seedlings can be transplanted into greenhouses or flower pots. The soil used for transplanting should be sandy loam without penetrating fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause root rot. Pour water 1 time before transplanting 1d. Note that the entire transplanting process cannot be exposed to direct sunlight. 9 Seedling Management The rosettes on the pots should be maintained in the shade or other shady areas for 7 to 10 days. During this period, they should often be sprayed with moisturizers and begin to receive some H light irradiation every day for a few days each morning and evening. After that, the clams gradually extend the sunlight exposure time. Since the root system of the seedlings is not very developed, do not rush to fertilize it. At least 3 weeks later, apply thin and thin fertilizer every 10 days or so. Although the Chinese rose seedlings survived, the cultivators of the seedlings of Betula platyphylla were always too slow to grow seedlings too slowly. They wanted to pass the top-dressing seedlings according to their own wishes. This practice was not advisable because the Chinese rose seedlings were used for picking and cutting. , rooting, transplanting into the rapid growth stage, to go through 1 to 2 months of long-term stagnation. In this regard, rose seedlings must gradually adapt to the external environment, and then can be quickly born, if the grower according to their own wishes by relying on fertilization prompt seedlings, often counterproductive, the result will cause seedling death. After a long period of stagnation, the rosettes naturally enter the rapid growth stage. At this time, some plants will grow some buds. In order to avoid consumption of nutrients, these buds should be cut off in time. After 1 or 2 managements, the rose seedlings can be taken out of the nursery. At this time, the growers can be shipped to the market for sale or transplanted to the field or larger pots as needed. 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