New method for treating prostate cancer

New method for treating prostate cancer

June 15, 2016 Source: Bio Valley

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Weill Cornell medical researchers report that steroid dexamethasone may block the growth of prostate cancer subtypes, which were previously thought to be difficult to treat with drugs. Their findings were published in the June 2 issue of Cell Reports.

"Prostate cancer is frequently mutated and overexpressed in a gene called ERG. Many people believe that the ERG gene cannot interfere, that is, there is no drug that can target the mutant gene to interfere with the development of the disease." Dr. Olivier Elemento Say.

David Rickman, assistant professor of pathology and laboratory medicine at Weill Cornell Medical School, said that ERG mutants not only occur frequently in prostate cancer, but also found that this mutation makes prostate cancer more resistant, that is, to common treatments. The drug taxane is resistant.

To interfere with the function of ERG mutants, Elemento and his colleagues developed a new computational method for screening drugs that are resistant to ERG. They investigated a number of genes that bind to ERG. Thousands of drugs are then evaluated in the available databases to find out which drugs might block the activity of these genes, and to reduce the development of cancer by altering the effects of ERG mutants.

"It's like the match between drugs and mutants," said Elemento of Weill Cornell Medical School.

Kaitlyn Gayvert, a Ph.D. student at Elemento Labs, developed a new computational method that found dexamethasone to be the drug of choice to prevent cancer from developing ERG mutants. Although dexamethasone is used interchangeably with prednisone to treat various diseases, the calculations do not predict that prednisone will have the same effect on prostate cancer.

Rickman's laboratory experiments on prostate cancer cells have found that the use of dexamethasone reversible mutant effects, including effects on cell invasion and cell migration.

Although we need more research, dexamethasone or similar drugs may one day be used in patients with prostate cancer who test positive for ERG mutations.

A significant proportion of other cancer subtypes caused by mutations are incurable, Rickman said, including some colon tumors and lymphomas. "The technology used in this study may help us find a way to reuse existing safe drugs to target other untreated cancers."

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