Key points for comprehensive management of winter wheat and summer maize rotation

How to increase production and increase income is the most concerned issue for farmers. To this end, on the basis of summing up the research results and production experience for many years, the author briefly introduces the basic procedures of winter wheat-summer corn production management in Hebei and Shandong, and comprehensive management of crop production is the key to high yield and income.

Production characteristics of winter wheat and summer maize rotation

Winter wheat and summer maize rotation are the main planting systems in North China. Due to three years of maturity and relatively tense farming time, there are two major characteristics in production management:

1. Crops constitute a production system, and farming management should be balanced. Before planting wheat, there is sufficient time for land preparation, fertilization and irrigation, while summer maize mainly uses rainwater and wheat phosphate fertilizer. Therefore, the nitrogen application rate of the two crops is roughly equivalent, while the phosphate fertilizer is mainly applied to winter wheat, and the potassium fertilizer is mainly applied to summer corn.

2. The two high-yield comprehensive high-yield, winter wheat can be properly broadcasted late, by increasing the amount of seeding to save the late broadcast to reduce production. The late-sowing of wheat can leave the agricultural time of winter wheat surplus to summer corn, and change the summer maize variety from early maturing to medium maturity. Summer corn has a yield per day, and the potential for yielding corn can be fully utilized through early harvesting and appropriate late harvesting.

Winter wheat production management program

In late September, prepare fine wheat varieties: high-yield, lodging-resistant, stress-resistant, and high-yielding varieties should be selected, such as strong gluten wheat Gaoyou 503, Jimai 20, and buckwheat No. 12; medium-gluten wheat short-resistant 58 Jinan No. 19, Shannong 664, etc.

In the first ten days of October, soil preparation, fertilization and sowing: combined with deep ploughing and deep pine (suitable for about 25 cm), applying organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; selecting seeds, seed coating agent or chemical dressing, controlling pests and diseases; filling the bottom of the water, Appropriate amount of sowing.

Mid-November, pre-winter management: preservation of seedlings, after the rain, the average temperature in late November is 3 ~ 4 ° C when timely irrigation of winter water.

From March to April, spring field management: aiming at the development of strong seedlings, according to the characteristics of seedlings (Wang Miao, strong seedlings, weak seedlings), soil fertility, lyrics, etc., combining water and fertilizer, irrigation and cultivating, and appropriate amount of fertilization and irrigation at appropriate time. , cultivating and chemical weeding.

Mid-May, post-management: no windy day irrigation during the filling period of the flowering, combined with irrigation or fertilizer application, increase the grain weight, prevent dry hot wind; spray the disease at the heading stage to prevent pests and diseases.

Mid-June, timely harvest: preparing for summer corn planting.

Summer corn production management program

In late May, prepare ready-to-eat varieties: high-yield, dense-resistance, and stress-resistant early-maturing or mid-maturing varieties, such as Nongda 108, Zhengdan 958, Ludan 50, and Denghai No. 9.

In late June, when rushing to sow: the seeds are treated by sun-dried, coated, seed-dressing, etc.; the fertilizer is applied before or after sowing; the seed is planted; the chemical weeding is carried out. If you use straw to return to the field, you should add an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

From mid-June to early July, seedling management: Miao Dingling seedlings (live and unfertilized should be supplemented with NPK fertilizer at the 4th leaf stage; interplanting should be applied with seedling fertilizer); control pests and diseases.

From mid-July to mid-August, the key period of fertilizer and water management: cultivating 1 or 2 times; focusing on nitrogen fertilizer during the big bell period; watering from the big bell mouth to the 20-day drought after tasseling; controlling pests and diseases.

From late August to late September, post-management: high-yield or de-fertilized fields after fertilization, appropriate amount of fertilization; watering during drought; pest control; timely harvest, timely increase of a few kilograms per day.

The above-mentioned comprehensive management of crop production has general guiding significance for the rotation and intercropping of winter wheat-summer corn crops and even other crops in North China, and its supporting technology also has certain reference value.

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