Release date: 2017-07-11 The world's first genetically edited cloned dog, "Dragon", was born on the 28th day. It is the world's first cloned dog of the genetically edited disease model dog "Apple". The world's first genetically edited atherosclerotic disease model dog "Apple." Just born "Dragon Dragon". Researchers conducted a canine somatic cell nuclear transfer experiment in the laboratory. Our reporter Hong Xing photo "Dragon Dragon" is sucking the milk of "surrogate dog mother". Our reporter Hong Xing photo "Apple" produces an atherosclerotic disease phenotype by knocking out the APOE gene. Our reporter Hong Xing photo In the breeding laboratory of Beijing Sino Valley Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in Changping Park of Zhongguancun Science Park, a black and white puppy is sucking the milk of “motherâ€. However, it was born to a surrogate mother, an ordinary beagle dog; its donor cells came from the world's first human genetically edited disease model dog "Apple." This puppy named "Dragon" is the first somatic clone dog in China that is completely self-cultivated. It is the world's first genetically edited clone dog. Did you hear it? In layman's terms, people type or knock a gene into a dog and “customize itâ€; then use it as a model for copying or “batch†production, ie cloning. This is the first time in our country and even in the world. Recently, the second surrogate dog has two cloned dogs of "Apple" and has been identified by DNA identity. “This marks China as the second country to independently master the canine somatic cell cloning technology after Korea.†Researcher Lai Liangxue of the Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health of the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the Science and Technology Daily that genetic editing technology interfered with animal traits and overcame Cloning the physiological defects caused by the animals themselves, and developing in a better and healthier direction according to human wishes. Through the "gene editing + cloning" technology, dogs can become more sensitive, more muscular, or suffer from certain diseases as needed. According to theory, "customized" animals can achieve "bulk" copying. Gene editing, magical scissors This is a wonderful story. Start with the "Apple" of the "Dragon". "Apple" is a Big Dog, born on December 29, 2016. Twenty days later, another Beagle "Hulu" was born. After nearly half a year of observation and testing, both puppies showed some typical symptoms of atherosclerosis, such as disorders of lipid metabolism, high blood lipids, etc., which researchers hope to see. "Apple" became the world's first model of atherosclerotic disease. Atherosclerosis is an age-related multiple disease. Among the many pathogenic factors, there is a key gene called APOE that plays a major role in lipid transport and metabolism. If the dog's APOE gene is knocked out, it can raise its plasma cholesterol and induce atherosclerotic lesions. The name "Apple" is also due to the pronunciation of this gene. "Apple" and "cucurbit" are knocked out of this gene. As a disease model animal, they can be used by humans to study the mechanism of atherosclerotic disease and to verify the efficacy of new drugs. So, how to make functional genes want to be, if you want to, then you can't? The researchers used the latest third-generation genetic editing technology, CRISPR/Cas9, which is biologically “red and purpleâ€. It has the characteristics of simple and convenient construction and higher gene targeting efficiency. Scientists all over the world have used this technology to successfully produce genetically edited animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, mice, rats, and human embryos. It is not the first time to make an idea on a dog to achieve gene knockout. In 2015, Lai Liangxue achieved the world's first genetic target dog, which was made more muscular than normal dogs by knocking out the canine myostatin gene. One of the dogs was named "Hercules". This research has opened up new methods for the preparation of genetically edited dogs. Subsequently, the research team of Sino Valley Company used this technology under the leadership of Lai Liangxue to knock out the APOE gene of dogs and first applied it to the cultivation of human genetic disease dog model and achieved success. A lot of animals were cloned, why are the dogs left? With the "Apple", the researchers began somatic cell cloning. Because somatic cell cloning technology can produce a batch of experimental dogs with the same genetic background and similar age, it is convenient to screen out the new drugs with remarkable curative effect, so there is a "Dragon". In fact, cloning is not new. After the birth of the first somatic cell clone sheep "Dolly" in 1996, somatic cell clones of various mammals such as mice, cattle, goats, pigs, cats, rabbits, donkeys, horses, and rats have succeeded. However, the cloned dog has not been made, because the dog is widely regarded by the scientific community as one of the most difficult animals to clone. “In model animals, dogs have a longer history than pigs, but because of the immature dog cloning technology, dog disease model work has been inexhaustible.†Lai Liangxue said that dog cloning is difficult because of poor dog oocyte quality. The preparation technique of canine cloned embryos is difficult; the estrus estrus lasts for a long time, so the reproductive cycle of the cloned embryo and the surrogate mother is difficult to synchronize. This has become the bottleneck of canine somatic cell cloning, which restricts the application of this technology. Somatic cell clone dogs were not successfully prepared by Korean scientist Hwang Woo-suk until 2005. Huang Yuxi? Yes, yes, that is the academic big cow who fell to the altar due to stem cell fraud, but his contribution to the cloned dog is obvious to all. The cloned dog he developed was a unique skill that allowed South Korea to “smile the world†for more than a decade. But this monopoly was finally broken by the Chinese! Sino-Valley has successively overcome the technical problems of establishment of canine cell line, estrus identification of oocyte donor dogs, acquisition of mature oocytes, somatic cell nuclear transfer, embryo fusion activation and embryo transfer, and established independent intellectual property rights. Canine somatic cell cloning technology platform. "We improved the implantation efficiency of canine cloned embryos by optimizing the somatic cell cloning technology platform. The highest efficiency of implantation was to transplant 7 embryos, 5 embryos successfully implanted, and finally gave birth to 2 healthy cloned dogs. According to South Korea, a cloned dog was born with a minimum of 12 embryos. In addition, the current pregnancy rate of Chinese clone dogs is about 50%, which is higher than that of South Korea.†Dr. Feng Chong, who is engaged in this work, introduced. A deeper understanding of life sciences What is the use of developing genetic editing clone dog technology? In the view of Professor Shi Zhensheng from the College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, the most important thing is the biological significance. "It makes our understanding of life sciences, especially cloning techniques, even deeper. The reproductive physiology system of dogs is vastly different from other mammals. Cloning is very difficult. This success illustrates the leap in China's biotechnology." "Gene-edited disease model dogs have great advantages and will contribute to the study of human medicine and genetic diseases, and will also promote the development of veterinary medicine." Shi Zhensheng said that dogs are very ideal and mature experimental animals, dogs and humans in nutrition There are many similarities in metabolism, physiology and anatomy. There are 900 genetic diseases in dogs, and more than 400 of them are genetically similar to humans. Moreover, the dog is docile, easy to control, easy to match, and is one of the main animals of the drug sieve. Feng Chong introduced that the traditional methods for preparing canine disease models are feeding methods, mechanical damage methods, and immunological methods. On the basis of healthy animals, special methods are used to induce disease phenotypes; The genome is genetically edited, and the disease symptoms are primary symptoms, the phenotype lasts for a long time, and is heritable, and the progeny disease model dog can be obtained by natural reproduction. “At present, some pharmaceutical companies have contacted us. The company expects to receive 5 to 6 disease model dogs such as autism in 2017,†said Xi Jidong, co-founder of Sino-Valley. Ye Junhua, secretary of the Party Committee of the Nanchang Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, believes that another application field for genetically edited clone dogs is the special-purpose working dog market, such as drug dogs, search dogs, military dogs and guide dogs. The working dogs used to be naturally bred, and the breeding of good varieties was difficult, and the demand was high and the cost was high. Through genetic modification, the dog's muscles can be awkward, the sense of smell is smart, the body is smarter and more tired, and the biting ability is better than that of ordinary dogs. At present, South Korea has opened up this market. "Canine is the most important companion animal of human beings. The life span of dogs is generally only ten years. The cloned dog can extend the feelings of the owner to the deceased pet dog to some extent." Shi Zhensheng said that in terms of pet dog cloning, South Korea and the United States have There are precedents. In South Korea, Hwang Woo-suk presents hundreds of cloned dogs to individuals or institutions in various ways. Mi Jidong is also full of confidence in the Chinese cloned pet dog market: "The price of Korean cloned dogs is 100,000 US dollars. We are expected to reduce the cost to half by a stable technical system and commercial promotion. ." However, in recent years, some companies in South Korea have begun to enter the Chinese clone animal market, and it is interesting to see whether Chinese local companies can stand up to the court. Source: Technology Daily Teriparatide injection pen is a medication used to treat osteoporosis in
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