US research and development of new brain imaging technology: resolution level up to capillary level

The work of scientists working on cancer and other invasive diseases relies on high-resolution imaging techniques that scientists use to detect tumor and deep tissue activity. Dr. Lihong Wang of the University of Washington in St. Louis and his research team invented a new high-speed, high-resolution imaging method. Using this method, blood flow, blood oxygen, oxygen metabolism, and other functions of the living mouse brain can be detected at a faster rate than the previous method.

These are images of the mouse brain captured by a fast function photoacoustic microscope. The left image is the vasculature within the complete skull projected onto the two-dimensional plane of the xy axis. The middle image is a typical brain vasculature enhanced imaging image projected onto a two-dimensional plane of the xz axis. The image on the right is a photomicroscopy image of the mouse brain hemoglobin oxygen saturation, taken by two lasers using a new method based on single wavelength and pulse width.

New brain imaging technology: resolution levels up to capillary level

Wang Lihong is Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Gene K. Beare, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington University in St. Louis. Using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) and a single-wavelength and pulse-width-based technology previously developed by his lab, Wang Lihong's team was able to make faster measurements of blood oxygen levels, faster than they used before. Fast-scanning PAM is 50 times faster than the acoustic-resolution system, compared to phosphorescence-lifetime-based two-photon microscopy (TPM) ) faster than 500 times.

These findings were published online on March 30th in the pages of Nature Methods.

Previous methods include functional nuclear magnetic resonance, TMP, and wide-field optical microscopy, all of which can be used to detect mouse brain structure, blood oxygen levels, and blood flow dynamics. But Wang Lihong said that the speed and resolution of these methods are very limited.

To compensate for these shortcomings, Wang Lihong and his lab used fast-functional PAM, which allows them to penetrate the entire skull to high-resolution brains of living mice. High speed imaging. The horizontal spatial resolution of this technology can be up to 5 times that of the fast scanning system previously used in their laboratory, which is 25 times higher than that of the previous sound resolution system. Ultrasound-based photoacoustic computed tomography (ultrasound-array-based photoacoustic computed tomography) The resolution is more than 35 times higher.

Most importantly, PAM is capable of 3D imaging of blood oxygen levels with resolution levels up to capillary levels and unidirectional imaging speeds of up to 100 kHz, or 10 microseconds.

"With this new single-wavelength and pulse width based technology, PAM is capable of high-speed imaging of hemoglobin oxygen saturation," Wang Lihong said. "And with this method, we are able to image the blood oxygen levels of the mouse brain one by one, and collage the whole brain."

“In the past decade, many of our findings on human brain function have been observed using functional nuclear magnetic resonance to observe blood flow,” said Richard Conroy, director of optical imaging at the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. "Wang Lihong's research has greatly improved the temporal and spatial resolution of photoacoustic imaging technology, making this technology possible to detect blood flow kinetics and oxygen metabolism at the single cell level. Photoacoustic imaging technology can become a function in the future. An important supplement to NMR, making important discoveries in the field of brain function and disease."

Regarding the question of whether this microscopic technique has an adverse effect on living tissue, Wang Lihong and his team found that all the red blood cells used for imaging remained intact after imaging, without causing damage to brain tissue.

"PAM is very sensitive to changes in the color of hemoglobin and hemoglobin in the blood combined with oxygen," Wang Lihong said. "Without the injection of exogenous control reagents, PAM allows us to perform all the important parameters related to hemoglobin. Quantitative scanning, even calculating the metabolic rate of oxygen. Since oxygen metabolism is very important in basic life activities and diseases such as diabetes and cancer, PAM may be widely used in the future."

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