This article is based on the "White Paper on Medical Electronics Industry Development (2015 Edition)" released by OFweek Medical Network according to the China Electronics and Information Industry Development Research Institute (Industrial and Information Technology Department, CCID), aiming to comprehensively sort out China's medical care in 2014. The development of the electronics industry summarizes the development characteristics of the medical electronics industry from the perspectives of innovation progress, application promotion, enterprise development, investment and financing, and policy environment, analyzes the problems faced by the development of China's medical electronics industry, and looks forward to the development of China's medical electronics industry in 2015, and Propose the countermeasures for developing the medical electronics industry under the new situation. 　 Foreword With the continuous development of medical informatization , residents' attention to their own health has been continuously strengthened, and new types of medical treatments and business models such as smart medical care, mobile medical care , and telemedicine have emerged. The medical electronics industry has continued to maintain rapid growth in recent years and has become a promotion. An important engine for economic growth and information consumption. As an important medical electronics market in the world, China's medical electronics industry entered a period of rapid development in 2014. The industrial scale maintained steady and rapid growth, and technology and products continued to make breakthroughs. The industry investment and financing boom extended from abroad to China, and a series of industries were promoted. The development of policies has been launched one after another, and the localization of medical electronic devices has accelerated, and the pace of extension to the grassroots is also accelerating. At the same time, new medical models such as smart medical care and mobile medical care have begun to be put into practical use, which has played a huge role in the development of the medical electronics industry. Under this situation, China Electronic Information Industry Development Research Institute has compiled the "White Paper on Medical Electronics Industry Development (2015 Edition)", comprehensively reviewing the development of China's medical electronics industry in 2014 and the development trend in 2015, and analyzing the development of China's medical electronics industry needs to be resolved. The important issues, and put forward a number of policy recommendations, in order to provide more positive inspiration and reference for the future development of China's medical electronics industry. I. Development status of the global medical electronics industry (1) Industry scale Driven by new medical models such as mobile healthcare, smart healthcare, and telemedicine, the global medical electronics market is in a steady growth phase. In 2014, the market sales were approximately 225.5 billion US dollars, an increase of 5.67%. Among them, mobile medical development is the fastest, with a market size of 4.5 billion US dollars, an increase of about 50%. Table 1 Global medical electronics market sales Source: CCID Think Tank, 2015.3 Figure 1 Global medical electronics market sales and growth rate (2) Regional distribution The global medical electronics market is mainly concentrated in the United States, Europe, Japan and China. The production of the products is mainly concentrated in the United States, Europe and Japan. In 2014, the US, Europe and Japan accounted for about 85% of the global medical electronics output. 1. United States: the number one medical electronics power, coexisting development difficulties and opportunities The medical electronics industry in the United States has strong research and development capabilities, and medical electronic devices such as implantable medical devices , large-scale imaging diagnostic devices, remote diagnostic devices, and surgical robots are world-leading. The United States is the world's largest medical electronics market. Currently, more than 40% of the world's medical electronic devices are produced in the United States, and the United States accounts for half of the world's medical electronics consumption. At the same time, the United States is also at the forefront of innovation in the development of medical models such as smart healthcare, mobile healthcare, and telemedicine. California, Minnesota, and Massachusetts are known as the medical electronics industry. Among them, Minnesota's pillar industry is medical electronics, and has thousands of medical electronics companies and many international giants headquarters. Table 2 US medical electronics industry gathering area In 2014, the US medical electronics industry was in deep trouble. The first reason is that some European countries have adopted fiscal austerity measures to reduce medical expenses and imports of medical electronic equipment. Fiscal austerity measures have caused US companies to drop sharply on European markets. Second, competition pressure from Asian medical electronic equipment producers such as China is increasing. Third, the “patent franchise special tax†policy for medical electronic products implemented by the US government in 2013 has brought huge follow-up effects to the development of the industry. In 2014, this new legal policy caused the loss of investment in the US medical electronics industry to exceed $1 billion. However, the medical electronics industry still plays a vital role in promoting the economic development of the United States. In 2014, the US medical electronics market sales reached US$114.6 billion, an increase of 6.3%. Although it was lower than the average annual growth rate of 8%-10% in previous years, it was still higher than the 2.3% GDP growth rate, creating more than the US. 20,000 jobs and a trade surplus of more than $5.4 billion. At the same time, mobile medical, smart medical, telemedicine and other medical models are experiencing an explosive situation. The US mobile medical and smart medical market accounts for about 80% of the global market share, which has greatly promoted and promoted the development of the medical electronics industry. 2. Europe: The market has broad prospects for development, and the volume of industrial imports and exports is huge. In 2014, the sales of medical electronic equipment in 11 countries of Western Europe such as Germany, France, Britain, Italy and Spain was about 42.2 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 6.5%. Market demand will continue to grow due to the aging society, the influx of unplanned immigrants and the need to upgrade medical equipment. Germany is the largest producer and exporter of medical equipment in Europe. Germany has the largest medical electronics industry in the world after the United States. In 2014, the total output value was about US$20.35 billion. There are more than 170 medical electronic equipment manufacturers in Germany, most of which are small and medium-sized companies. About two-thirds of the medical equipment produced by German companies is used for export. France is the second largest producer of medical equipment in Europe and one of the leading exporters of medical equipment in Europe. In 2014, the total sales of the French medical electronics market reached US$6.06 billion, accounting for about 16% of the total market share in Europe. French imported medical electronic products are equivalent in value to export medical electronic products. The imported products are mainly concentrated in advanced electronic diagnostic imaging equipment such as MRI, PET, spiral CT and implantable medical electronic equipment. The UK's medical electronics market is roughly the same size as France. Its medical electronics imports are much higher than exports. It is the world's largest import medical equipment country. In 2014, the total import of medical electronic products reached US$8.077 billion, a year-on-year increase of 6.32%. The disease caused by the aging population and social industrialization in the UK will enable the medical electronics industry to maintain rapid growth at a rate of 8.2% in the next few years. By 2016, the industry scale will reach 9.45 billion US dollars. The Italian medical electronics market had sales of $5.4 billion in 2014, ranking fourth in the European Union. Italy has a relatively complete medical electronics industry, and its export volume is much higher than the import value. In 2014, the export volume was about 2.767 billion US dollars, and it was listed as the two major medical equipment exporting countries in Europe. The Spanish medical electronics market is an import-oriented market. In 2014, imports accounted for 90% of the market share, of which US medical electronic products accounted for 1/3 of Spain's imported medical electronic products. Other imported medical electronic products mainly came from EU countries and Asia. 3. Japan: Product demand is huge, Europe, the United States and local products dominate the market In 2014, the Japanese medical electronics market annual sales of about 20.2 billion US dollars, is the second largest medical electronic consumer market after the United States. In the Japanese medical electronics market, medical electronics products in western developed countries, especially the United States, account for a large proportion. In 2014, Japan’s imports of medical equipment from the United States reached US$9.6 billion. In 2014, Japan’s imports of medical electronic products from China increased by 8% to 9% to US$1.3 billion, but China only accounts for 6.5% of the Japanese medical electronics market. %. Japan has entered a highly aging society. The proportion of elderly people over the age of 60 in the country's total population has reached 20.5%. Medical electronic products related to senile diseases, including pacemakers, artificial heart valves, vascular stents, insulin pumps, and labor. The demand for implantable products such as joints is extremely strong. At the same time, Japanese electronics giants, which have fallen into losses in recent years, have transformed the medical electronics industry, which will jointly promote the Japanese medical electronics industry to maintain steady growth in the next few years. An organic compound formed by dehydration of amino acids, containing carboxyl and amino groups, and being amphoteric. Also known as "peptide".
Three, is related to the biological body of a variety of cell functions of biological active substances. Hundreds of peptides have been found in living organisms, which are essential participants in the body's complex physiological activities. All cells can synthesize peptides and their functional activities are regulated by peptides. It involves hormones, nerves, cell growth and reproductive fields, and its importance lies in the regulation of various systems, organs and cells in the body. The physiological and pharmacological effects of enzymatic polypeptides are mainly to activate related enzymes in vivo, promote the permeability of intermediate metabolic membrane, or affect specific protein synthesis by controlling DNA transcription or translation, and eventually produce specific physiological effects or play their pharmacological effects. Peptide is better than amino acid, one is faster than amino acid absorption; Second, it is absorbed by the body in a complete form; Third, active absorption (amino acids are passive absorption); Fourth, low consumption, compared with amino acids, peptide absorption has the characteristics of low consumption or no energy consumption, peptide absorption through the duodenum, directly into the blood circulation, their own energy nutrition transported to various parts of the human body; Fifth, peptide absorption is less than amino acid, with the characteristics of unsaturated; Sixth, there are only 20 kinds of amino acids, with countable functions, while peptides take amino acids as substrates, which can be synthesized into hundreds of thousands of kinds.
It is mainly divided into medical polypeptide drugs, peptide antibiotics, vaccines, antimicrobial peptides for agricultural use, small peptides for feed, cosmetics for daily use, soybean polypeptides for food, corn polypeptides, yeast polypeptides and sea cucumber peptides. buy peptides,peptides benefits,peptides bpc 157,peptides buy,peptides cjc 1295 Shaanxi YXchuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd , https://www.peptide-nootropics.com
Two, one of the amide. It consists of two or more amino acids joined by the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the other. An amino acid cannot be called a peptide, nor can a peptide be synthesized, but must be a compound of two or more amino acids linked by a peptide bond. Compounds where two amino acids are linked by a peptide bond are called dipeptides; A compound with three amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a tripeptide, and so on, a compound with thirty-four amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a thirty-four peptide.
A peptide is a chain of polymers of amino acids
A peptide is a chain of polymers of amino acids
From the functional point of view, can be divided into antihypertensive peptide, antioxidant peptide, cholesterol lowering peptide, opioid active peptide, high F value oligopeptide, food strong taste peptide and so on.
Active peptide, and nutrition, hormone, enzyme inhibition, regulation of immunity, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant has a very close relationship. Polypeptides are generally divided into: polypeptide drugs and polypeptide health products. Traditional peptide drugs are mainly peptide hormones. The development of peptide drugs has been developed into various fields of disease prevention and treatment, especially in the following fields. [2]
Antitumor polypeptide
Tumorigenesis is the result of many factors, but ultimately all involve the regulation of oncogene expression. In 2013, many tumor-related genes and regulatory factors have been discovered. Screening peptides specifically bound to these genes and regulatory factors has become a new hot spot in the search for anticancer drugs. For example, somatostatin has been used to treat endocrine tumors of the digestive system; American scholars found a hexapeptide can significantly inhibit adenocarcinoma in vivo; Swiss scientists have discovered an octapeptide that induces apoptosis in tumor cells. [2]
Antiviral polypeptide
By binding to specific receptors on host cells, viruses adsorb cells and rely on their own specific proteases for protein processing and nucleic acid replication. Therefore, peptides binding to host cell receptors or active sites such as viral proteases can be selected from the peptide library for antiviral therapy. In 2013, many small peptides with antiviral properties have been screened from peptide banks in Canada, Italy and other countries, and some small peptides have entered the stage of clinical trials. In June 2004, the Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Microbiology came out of the news, which was undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Sciences known