How to increase the utilization of phosphate fertilizer

Phosphorus fertilizers have a low mobility in soil and are easily "fixed". Therefore, the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizers is lower than nitrogen fertilizers, generally only 10% to 25%. So, how can we increase the utilization of phosphate fertilizer?

1, centralized application. Phosphorus fertilizer is concentrated in the vicinity of the seed or root, which is an effective method of application. This method can not only reduce the contact surface of phosphate fertilizer and soil, reduce the fixing effect, but also facilitate the absorption of crop roots, generally improve the utilization rate of 28% -39%.

2, layered application. It is applied to 5-10 cm soil layer for the absorption at the seedling stage; the remaining phosphate fertilizer is applied to the 15-20 cm soil layer in conjunction with the ploughing strips for absorption and utilization in the middle and later stages of the crop, which can also increase the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer. . Among them, shallow application of quick-acting phosphate fertilizer is good, deep application of available late-effect phosphate fertilizer; application rate, shallow 30% -40%, deep 60% -70%.

3, with nitrogen fertilizer application. All phosphorus-deficient soils are also generally deficient in nitrogen. Combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus can make the average phosphorus utilization rate reach 23%-28%. According to experiments on wheat, the application of 10 kg of phosphorus per acre is accompanied by the same amount of nitrogen. Application of the same amount of phosphorus increased production by 16.3%, and the utilization of phosphate fertilizer increased by 3.91%. According to the results of local experiments, the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus was 1:1 when the soil fertility was low, the medium fertility was 1:0.5, and the first fertility was 1:0.25.

4, and organic fertilizer mixed after stacking application. According to the study, the application of phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizers after stacking can increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by 10%-30%. Among them, the combination of phosphate rock and barium fertilizer for 30 days can increase the weak acid-soluble phosphorus by 67.6%. Phosphorus fertilizers and organic fertilizers are mixed and piled. The proportion of superphosphate added is usually 2%-3%, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is about 5%, and phosphate rock powder is 5%-10%.

5, focus on the application of legumes. Practice has shown that the application of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer directly to the former legume leguminous crops is more efficient than that applied to postgrain crops, and the yield increase rate is large.

6, foliar spray. Foliar spray can fundamentally prevent phosphorus fertilizer from being fixed by soil, and it is also an important measure for crop yield increase. The method is: using superphosphate 1-3 kilograms, adding 100 kilograms of water, soaking for a day and night, filtering to the residue, spraying in the later stage of the crop, spraying once every 5-10 days, spraying 2-3 times Mu 50-75 kg per spray. Foliar spraying can only be used as an auxiliary means, and production should still be mainly based on soil fertigation.

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