The use of medicinal roses and its cultivation techniques
Medicinal roses are mainly used for flower buds and their leaves and roots can also be used medicinally. Rose has the functions of regulating Qi, promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation. It has unique curative effects on hepatogastric gas pain, irregular menstruation, chronic redness, vaginal discharge, early onset of sore and bruises, and can also be used in diets, such as rose tea. Treatment of esophageal spasm caused by abdominal pain. In addition to medicinal purposes, the aromatic oils extracted from roses are sold both in domestic and foreign markets. Their prices are 1-2 times that of gold, not only for the world's most precious spices, but also for beauty and anti-ageing effects. In addition, they are often used as candies. Premium spice additives for pastries, beverages, and champagne. In recent years, the market demand for rose has been increasing year by year. Prices have been rising steadily. The market price has increased from 40-50 yuan/kg in 2000 to the current 60-90 yuan/kg, and the export price has reached 100-120 yuan/kg. Kg. At present, there are few rose plants, so it is urgent to expand the area to meet the market demand. Medicinal roses have strong adaptability and can be cultivated all over the country. Among them, the medicinal red rose varieties that are grafted are the best. 500 plants were planted per 667 m2, and the cost was recovered in that year. The second year was full flowering period. The yield per hectare was 80-150 kg, and the average annual profit was above 4800 yuan/667 m2. Medicinal red rose cultivation techniques are as follows. First, choose to plant 1. Site preparation. Roses are tolerant to drought and should be selected for sunny weather, high dry terrain, loose and fertile soil, well-drained loam or sandy loam soil. Compost 3000kg/667m2, deep-dip 20-30cm, then flattened. 2. transplant. According to the spacing of 1.5-2m, planting distance 0.6 ~ 0.8m digging hole, hole depth 15-25cm; hole diameter 30-40cm, loosen the bottom layer, apply the amount of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, cover 5cm fine soil, the grafted rose seedlings into the hole , Let the root system be flattened and stretched to make it stretch. Then cover the soil to the full point, practise, and drench the root water. Second, field management Weeding and weeding. The weeds in the seedling stage should be removed by hand. The cultivator should be shallow and do not injure the roots. During the growing season, weeds should be kept in the field. 2. Fertilization. In spring, thin human and animal dung is applied to promote seedling growth, taking care not to contaminate stems and leaves. During the bud stage, human-fecal urine should be applied again, and nitrogenous fertilizer should be applied with appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to provide enough nutrients and increase the amount of buds. In winter, the plants enter the dormancy period, and a circular ditch is applied around the plants. The man-made fertilizers are mainly used. Each 667 m2 uses 2000 kg, and appropriate amount of cake fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are added and mixed into the plant. 3. prune. After the flowering in the late summer, cut delicate branches and old white branches, and pruning after the winter leaves, mainly truncated and cut off the dense branches, pests and branches, and aging branches, which can promote new branches and increase buds. After 5-6 years of rose growth, an updated rejuvenation pruning should be performed. Before and after Yu Liqiu, a few strong and robust shoots were kept for each strain (row), and the remaining roots were dug up and replanted on the other ground, thus expanding the cultivation area. 4. irrigation and drainage. During the dry season, attention is paid to irrigation. Drought reduces the yield of flowers and reduces the quality of flowers. In the rainy season, flooding should be prevented to prevent rot. Third, pest control 1. powdery mildew. Mostly occur in summer when high temperature and humidity, damage the leaves and tender stems and flowers and fruits. There is a white fluffy mildew on the leaves, like a layer of flour. Control methods: 1 After the winter pruning completely clean the garden. 2 Properly dense planting, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and reduce field humidity. 3 spray 50% thiophanate 1000 times, every 7-10 days - times, even spray 2-3 times. 4 Increased application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to enhance plant resistance to disease. 2. Rust. The pathogen is fungal, which damages the leaves and tender stems, and shows rust-like erythema. The leaves fall from the leaves and fall buds occur in high humidity and rainy seasons. Control methods with powdery mildew. 3. Tianniu. Its larvae feed on stems and roots, causing the branches to wither. Two generations took place, wintering as eggs or cockroaches. Control methods: 1 Cut off pests and branches, strengthen field management, timely weeding and clearing the garden. 2 Protect their natural enemies and ants. Fourth, harvest, processing, storage Harvested. Medicinal flowers should be picked when the flower buds are fully inflated but not yet open, and the south can be picked 3 times a year, with the best quality of the “head flowerâ€. When used as food, wine, or smoked tea, they should be placed at the beginning of the flower and picked just when the flower core is exposed. 2. Processing. It can be dried, dried or dried. When drying, the buds will be spread thinly and the corolla will be downwards. After drying, they will be battered and dried until they are completely dry. It is preferably dry, bright red, rich in aromas, free of broken or broken petals. 3. Storage. Medicinal flowers are best not to rot, to prevent moisture, light, to avoid mildew, summer in the cool storehouse.