IV Infusion:
Intravenous simply
means "within vein" (or "inside the vein"). Therapies
administered intravenously are often included in the designation of specialty
drugs. Intravenous infusions are commonly referred to as drips because many
systems of administration employ a drip chamber, which prevents air from entering
the blood stream (air embolism), and allows an estimation of flow rate.
Intravenous
therapy may be used to correct electrolyte imbalances, to deliver medications,
for blood transfusion or as fluid replacement to correct, for example,
dehydration. Intravenous therapy can also be used for chemotherapy.
Compared with
other routes of administration, the intravenous route is the fastest way to
deliver fluids and medications throughout the body. The bioavailability of the
medication is 100% in IV therapy.
Intravenous
infusions are fluid solutions administered through a vein. There are numerous
different types of solutions available, but they can be broken down into simple
categories depending on the function they serve. Some replace lost fluids, and
others provide nutrients, replace lost blood, and deliver medications.
One of the most
common uses for intravenous infusions is to replenish fluids lost through
dehydration. These infusions often contain normal saline solution, a
combination of sterile water and sodium chloride. This solution is known as an
isotonic crystalloid, or a solution that contains the same amount of
electrolytes as plasma in the body. It is used in cases of moderate to severe
dehydration, such as that caused by vomiting or diarrhea, when replacing the
fluids quickly is vital.
When a patient`s
gastrointestinal tract is compromised and nutrients cannot be absorbed - or
eating can worsen the condition - intravenous infusions called total parenteral
nutrition may be given. These solutions contain a mix of sterile water,
electrolytes, sugar, proteins, fats, and other nutrients, depending on the
needs of the patient. Diseases and disorders that commonly require total
parenteral nutrition include late stages of Crohn`s disease, obstructive bowel
disorder, and ulcerative colitis.
Intravenous
infusions are also used to deliver medication directly to the blood stream.
Certain medications, such as intravenous immunoglobulin, a type of antibody,
can only be given through the vein. Other medications, such as certain narcotic
pain relievers, are given intravenously because the method allows them to they
work faster than when taken orally. Chemotherapy for treatment of cancer is
also typically given intravenously.
When performed by
a medical professional, intravenous infusions are typically safe. The most
common reaction is mild pain and redness at the site of the injection, although
different medications may cause different side effects. Any time the skin is
punctured, there is a risk of infection. Having a medical professional,
typically a nurse, monitor the intravenous infusion and change the injection
site when irritation is evident can help prevent complications.
IV Infusion, Glucose IV Infusion,Intravenous Infusion NOUVASANT GROUP LTD. , https://www.nouvasant.com
First, site selection and planting specifications
(1) Site selection and construction specifications. To build sheds with loose soil, abundant water sources and convenient drainage and irrigation, the large arch sheds are generally 60 meters long, 6 meters wide, and 2 to 2.50 meters high. There are two high-arch sheds with a height of 0.80 to 1.20 meters and a width of 2.40 meters. A small arch shed, a small arch shed 35 centimeters away from the arch, and two small arches 50 centimeters apart, so that both as a walkway and easy management.
(2) Planting specifications. In each small arch shed, 2.40 meters is used as a planting belt. Soil preparation can be carried out on four ridges.
Second, the soil fertigation
Greenhouses generally deep plowing 20 to 25 centimeters, flattening and fine, and combined with soil preparation per acre applied 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 200 ~ 250 kg of plant ash.
Third, species selection
In winter and spring, the three films covering the potato should use short-term dormant, early-ripe potato and early-maturing rot-resistant varieties, such as Lu Yin No.1 and Kexin No.13.
Fourth, seed processing
Sowing should use about 50 kilograms of small whole potatoes as well, after sowing is not easy to rot and grow vigorously. It can also be sown with large potato chips. Usually 15 to 20 days before sowing, soak the seed potatoes in a 0.01% solution of gibberellin for 3 to 5 minutes, then remove and germinate in a 15 to 18°C ​​hotbed for germination to maintain 60% to 70% air The relative humidity can be planted after 1 to 1.50 cm buds after 20 days.
Fifth, suitable for sowing
(1) The three-film cultivation of potato in winter and spring can be finished in late December.
(2) Sowing density. As the winter and spring potato films cover more for early maturation, generally about 5000 plants per acre can be cultivated, and the row spacing is 60 cm 18 to 20 cm.
(3) sowing method. When sowing, each row in the leveling line is spaced 60 cm apart, and the depth of the ditch is about 3 cm. After the ditch is opened, the plants are watered in the ditch, then planted at a plant spacing of 18-20 cm, and sowed to cover the soil after sowing. 8 Centimeters, then covered with a mulch, and then covered with a small arch, so that the formation of a three-film coverage.
Six, field management
(1) Temperature and humidity management. Due to the positive cold season during sowing, the temperature in the shed should be maintained at 18 to 20°C during the day and 10 to 15°C at night to facilitate seedling emergence. If the growing season is cold or snowy, cover the grass in a small shed to keep it warm. During the growing season, the soil is kept moist, and sufficient water is maintained after the growing period to facilitate the growth of stems and leaves. In case of drought, furrow irrigation can be used to water in a timely manner.
(2) fertilizer and water management. During the growth period, if there is a lack of fertilizer, it can be combined with watering for fertilization. Generally, 5 kg of urea is applied per acre.
(3) Due to the use of plastic film covering, in the top soil of seedlings, it is necessary to scratch the plastic film in time to facilitate seedling emergence. When the potato is budding, it is necessary to promptly remove buds and flood the water to facilitate tuber enlargement.
VII. Pest Control
(1) Early blight can be controlled with a 1:1:200 Bordeaux fluid or with a 64% antivirus WP 500 times. Late blight can be controlled with 72% Kelu wettable powder 700-800 times.
(2) Locusts can be controlled with 50% omethoate 600 times.
Eight, timely harvest
Generally, the leaves of plants have been almost yellowed in late March. The tubers have completely expanded and can be harvested in time according to market conditions.
Winter potato three-film covering cultivation
Winter potato three-film covering (large arch shed, small arch shed, mulch) cultivation techniques. Priming and sowing are generally done in December and harvested at the end of March the following year. Each acre can produce about 3500-4000 kilograms of potatoes. Compared with early spring mulching film covering potatoes, the economic benefits are very significant. Its cultivation techniques are as follows: