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The Harmfulness of Rats in Farming Areas and Its Control Measures
One, rat species. According to relevant information and our monitoring, there are a total of 25 species known to rats in our province. According to their living habits can be divided into house mice, voles, rats, hamsters, squirrels, bamboo rats and so on. Among them, the dominant indoor rat species are Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Rattus flavipectus, etc.; the dominant farmland species in the wild are Apodemus agraus, Rattus norvegicus, Hamster hamster, Rattus norvegicus, Black-lined hamster, House rat, Rock squirrel There are more than a dozen major rodent species such as squirrels, guinea pigs, green hairy rats, latosaurus, big footed mouse, Apodemus agraus, big velvet rat, and five-toed otters. Rats are numerous, large in number and widely distributed, and occur throughout the country. Second, the rat hazard characteristics 1, serious damage. Rat damage is one of the four pests of the "disease, mouse, and rat" in agricultural production, and its severity has risen to the top. According to the test, one rat has robbed more than 9 kilograms of grain in the valley, and at the same time, it has to spoil four times as much food as it eats. It poses a threat to people's production and life. 2, spread the disease. Rats can transmit more than 70 kinds of human and animal diseases such as plague, leptospira, typhus, and epidemic hemorrhagic fever, which seriously endanger people's health. 3, hidden activities. The mice have the habit of being nocturnal, hiding in caves or haystacks during the day, stealing food at night, hiding all the holes in the habitat, and it is difficult to control and capture. 4, long period of occurrence. From ancient times to the present day, mice have been happening and infested throughout the year, day and night. 5, high reproductive sex. According to the observation of anatomical records, 1 female can breed 2-5 times in 1 year, 6-8 times more, and 20-25 days in pregnancy. It can see pregnant females throughout the year, and 1 nest can reproduce 4-7. , More than 10 or more. The most prolific breeding is from April to March and from September to October. 6. Extensive damage occurs. Irrespective of all walks of life, every household, every village, city, earth house, high-rises, plains, hills, mountains, gullies, dams, hotels, restaurants, mice are everywhere. 7, transferability. Rats have a wide range of adaptability and can shift habitats as environmental conditions change. Most winter seasons are concentrated in villages, farmhouses, and grasshoppers. Spring, summer and autumn are mostly transferred to the field for feeding. The rats are very omnivorous. They not only eat wheat, rice and Other cereal grains, but also feed on the young shoots, stems, leaves, roots and flowers of plants. They also eat fruits, vegetables, grass seeds and some small fish, insects and small animals. . 8, cowardly. Rats usually do not eat fresh foods near the entrance of the hole. They are willing to eat when they are observed without danger. They are no longer fooled when they are scared. Rats can climb up and down, jump around, and can climb over rough walls, beams, and beams. Walk on branches; habitat is not only multi-holes and multi-forks in order to escape; in the lack of food season, there are storage characteristics. III. Problems in Prevention and Control (1) Poor awareness of unified prevention and control. Because the rats were hidden and scattered, they did not cause enough attention from the farmers. Various departments did not conduct comprehensive prevention and control, and there was no long-term control atmosphere. (2) Poor continuity control. Most of the farmers only saw the rats being stricken, but they did not prevent the mice. (3) Only focus on drug control, ignoring biological and ecological control. (4) Only focus on prevention and control at home and pay no attention to field control. (5) Only pay attention to granary, clothing, and food control, and do not pay attention to village haystacks, furniture settings, and other industries. (6) The control method is simple. In rural areas, rodents are only killed by cats. Other methods do not know the combination. (7) Use of poisonous rat poison, there are 2 kill poisoning phenomenon. Human and animal poisoning events occur from time to time, killing cats, weasels, snakes, cats, dogs and other beneficial animals. Once poisoned, there is no medicine to save it. (8) Places where open-air feeding is used have had the problem of accidentally killing livestock, poultry and birds. (9) There is a litter of dead rats. Severe pollution of the environment and water sources caused 2 incidents. Fourth, control measures (1) vigorously carry out technical training. (2) The whole nation launches and comprehensively prevents and controls, forming a situation where everybody shouts. (3) Adhere to long-term prevention and control and highlight key seasons. In the period of March-April and September-October, during the peak of the two breeding peaks, a unified assault was conducted to ensure that assault and prevention were combined with long-term continuous defense, and that the rats would be eliminated under the prevention and control index of 3% and the damage would be kept to a minimum. (4) Carry out ecological control. In the farmhouse, it is necessary to regularly check whether there are rats, adjust the position of furniture from time to time, and keep the food source tightly. In the wild, regular prevention and control should be carried out, and a reasonable rotation should be carried out. The land should be ploughed regularly and properly watered to destroy the habitat of rats and attacked both inside and outside to completely eliminate pests and rodents. (5) Make full use of biological control. In the rural mountainous areas, suitable natural enemies such as cats, owls and snakes are properly fed to protect the weasel and give full play to the natural control of natural enemies. (6) vigorously promote a variety of physical and mechanical control methods. Carry out physical control, which is safe, efficient, environmentally friendly, economical, simple, and feasible, such as mouse clips, squirrel cages, sticky mouse plates, rat gun arrows, trap type traps, blanks, platens, springboards, flooding methods, etc. General families can buy and produce. Conditional households can also promote electronic rodent traps. (7) Scientifically develop chemical protection against rats. Focus on the promotion of high-efficiency and low-toxic new rodenticides such as "Bromadiolone" and "Dalong". It is forbidden to use highly toxic drugs such as "Tetramide," "Sodium Fluoroacetate," "Fluoroacetamide," "Tetratoxin Silicon," and "Galofloxacin" to prevent secondary poisoning. To ensure safety, the chemical prevention and control focuses on the introduction of a new method for rodent-baiting of bamboo bait stations: (1) Production of bait bait stations. With caliber 5-6 cm of bamboo, the house can be cut into 30 cm long; in the field, it is cut into 45 cm long, and two heads are left 5 cm to cover the rain, and the middle gap section can be opened to form a mouse channel. (2) Preparation of poison baits. With 0.5% of bromadiolone, 1 kg, 4 kg of warm water, add 100 kg of grain, such as red wheat or rice, and mix it with 0.005% bait, then dry for 30 minutes. (3) Placement and feeding methods for bamboo bait stations. In general, two households are placed, and it is better to place them on the corners, beside the grain piles, and where the rats outside the pig pens often appear. Lay 25 grams in the middle of the tube and press it with bricks to prevent rolling. One farmland is usually placed on 1-2 mu, and the farm bait station should be placed on the top of the field or higher. Use wire wrapped around the two ends and put it in the soil for fixing. Then use a soil block to flatten the compaction to 3 cm above the ground. For better, prevent rain from entering the water. 25-30 grams of bait per tube, 5-6 days to check 1, found that after less bait to make up. Each rodent rodent for 20 to 30 days is best for continuous feeding. Whether it is the preparation of poison baits or the placement of poison bait stations, strict operations must be carried out and wearing mask gloves. To be responsible for the special person to prevent poisoning. (8) Do a good job of dealing with dead rats. Whether it is catching or killing mice, they must be buried deep-distance water to prevent pollution; the incineration must be thorough and the ash must be buried. (9) Establish a rat poison franchise mechanism. All localities must set up a franchised drug dealership franchise store and implement a store in one place. Wholesale and retail sales must be strictly registered. It is forbidden to sell dangerous poisonous rodenticides and to prevent the poisoning of rats and rats. (Source: Anhui Agriculture)