Release date: 2016-05-10 Currently, using a microchip device with a USB plug for DNA testing, you can find out if you have a disease risk gene in just 30 minutes, and the price is as low as $20. This type of microchip is called a "chip lab." Traditional DNA analysis is carried out in the laboratory, with specialized equipment and expertise, and the results are available in a few weeks, at a very high price. Chris Tumazzo, a professor at Imperial College London and director of the Biomimetic Technology Center, combines electronics, biology, genetics and medical care with a tiny chip lab, bringing a wealth of innovative applications that are growing rapidly. The multi-billion dollar personalized medical field also has great potential. Multi-function dedicated chip Each chip lab has a genetic sequence taken from a person who is predisposed to a disease to identify people who can match the gene. Each chip has its own function but has its own purpose, such as a chip that can detect if someone is at risk for type 2 diabetes, and another chip that can find someone with a heart disease risk gene. The test only needs to provide a DNA sample, wipe the sample with saliva or mouth, infiltrate it into a series of fine semiconductor chips, and then complete the complex test through the programmed program. If the original gene sequence in the sample and the chip match, that is, the nucleotide of the subject gene is paired with the chip-embedded gene and combined to release hydrogen ions, the chip will produce the subject suffering from or susceptible to the disease. Signal; if the nucleotides are not bound, they will not release hydrogen ions and signal that they are not or are not susceptible to the disease. Tumazzo explained: “There is a 0.1% genetic difference between people. Every time you do a genetic test, you may find some new differences. These differences are caused by genetic mutations, and sometimes we use these mutations to make chips. Built-in sequence in." The lab is easy to carry, even in outpatient clinics or in remote locations where medical facilities are lacking. Even in the patient's home, you can get the results by plugging the chip into a tablet or similar device. More importantly, the chip can display a variety of genetic diseases that a person is susceptible to, such as type 2 diabetes, allergies to certain drugs. In 2014, Tumazzo was awarded the title of “Inventor of the Year†by the European Patent Office. This technology is expected to be popularized throughout the public health field, thus shifting the focus of medicine from treatment to early prevention. "Build" personalized solution Using genetic testing technology, doctors can not only develop personalized treatment plans based on different characteristics of people, but also give preventive advice in advance. If the test results show that someone is susceptible to a disease, this does not mean that he will definitely get the disease. It just provides some knowledge to change their lifestyle and minimize the risk of future illness. Predicting disease is only a small part of the potential of this technology. In addition, the lab can determine which drugs to use based on the genetic characteristics of different patients, and how many doses are most effective. In a meeting in 2015, Tumazzo talked about a former cancer patient who gave the patient a DNA test and found that she was resistant to the drugs prescribed by the doctor, so they changed her drug. . Currently, they are developing other products to help crack serious blood infections such as sepsis. It is expected that by 2017, Tumazzo will also launch a chip called DNAe. Marketization faces challenges Tumazzo acknowledges that they face many challenges in the marketization of technical products, including personalized medical concepts. "Unless there is a major breakthrough, pharmaceutical companies are still skeptical about changing medical methods." To this end, they have developed a large number of extended consumer products around the chip lab platform, hoping to prove its efficacy. In order to raise public awareness of gene sequencing, Tumazo has made some attempts in this regard. For example, in 2014, Tumazo and Duran Duran's popular band Nick Rhodes founded a cosmetics company GeneU, Consumers provide personal skin care products and tailor-made special serums for their customers through gene sequencing. He also collaborated with another GeneU colleague, Dr. Maria Cavela, to develop detailed information for consumers based on gene sequencing to guide their eating habits and lifestyles. Chronic diseases such as obesity and heart disease are on the rise in some countries, largely due to lifestyle changes. Cavera said: "We don't want to preach to people. We only hope that they can re-plan what they want to buy according to their DNA. If they want to buy cookies, that's fine, but let's take a look at your genetic makeup and find the most for you. The kind that is healthy." Privacy issues are key Whether in the medical field or in the consumer field, one of the advantages that the chip labs they develop can attract consumers is to effectively protect privacy. Tumazzo said that there are many genomic sequencing service providers on the market that may disclose information to partners, and their products are self-managed, and samples, data analysis and test results are retained by the customers themselves. The information on the chip will not be added to any database or sold to a third party, and the chip can be destroyed immediately after use. Tumazzo believes that genetic information should be kept secret, because "my DNA should be taken care of by me", which is also their principle. He hopes that these products will quickly expand into the personalized healthcare market, allowing consumers to take care of their health. Source: China Science and Technology Network - Technology Daily When installing security Outdoor Camera, you should first choose the monitoring host. Do you want to add a monitoring card to your computer, or do you want to use an embedded hard disk recorder as your monitoring host. The computer monitoring card is more suitable for places that are familiar with computer installation, have professional personnel on duty, and have more functional requirements. Its overall investment is relatively low. Since the monitoring card is installed in the computer, the computer needs to be started 24 hours a day; As for the latter, it does not require professional knowledge, nor does it need to be on duty, and it is relatively simple to operate. 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To install security monitoring equipment, it is necessary to determine how many cameras are installed, and the quality and monitoring range of the cameras are affected. It is preferred to determine how many cameras are used for monitoring, and then determine the camera lens monitoring range according to how many cameras are available. Therefore, the distance from the camera to the monitoring point and the monitoring area must be clear. The infrared supply network recommends using the camera of 480 TV line, because it is more in line with that definition.
When installing security monitoring equipment, the third consideration is whether the camera has night vision function. If the monitoring is installed in a dark place, it is necessary to consider using a camera with infrared night vision function.
The security monitoring equipment can be installed via wired or wireless transmission. Although the cost of wireless network is relatively high, it can save a lot of installation trouble and make the monitoring site more beautiful. However, the installation of wireless network monitoring equipment should take into account the environmental problems of security sites. Cement building materials will shorten the wireless transmission distance, and metal building materials may complete the shielding of wireless signals. The infrared transmitter and infrared receiver should be far away from other appliances to avoid interference. Because the price of wireless network is almost twice that of wired transmission monitoring equipment, I suggest using wired transmission installation.
On site monitoring and network monitoring When determining the installation of the monitoring system, you should consider whether you need network functions. That is, if you need to monitor and control the monitoring site on the Internet at any time, you need to select a monitoring host with network functions. Avoid no network transmission function after installation.
A complete security monitoring equipment should at least have three parts: surveillance camera, PTZ and decoder. The following are their installation methods: