Pharmacy Instrument,High Quality Pharmacy Instrument,Pharmacy Instrument Details, STANDARD STEEL WuYi AnBo Medical Equipment Manufacturing Co.,Ltd , http://www.anbomedical.com
Conservation Tillage Equipment Introduction
Most of the operations for conservation tillage must be done by machinery. There are fewer types of implements than traditional tillage implements, but the structure and performance of the main implements are generally more complex and demanding than traditional implements. (1) No-tillage sowing machine (also called no-tillage-covering sowing machine and no-tillage covering fertilizer sowing machine) No-tillage sowing machine is the key equipment for conservation tillage. No-tillage seeders must complete sowing and fertilizing operations at the same time. Seeds and fertilizers should be sown in the fields covered with straw, and some are still free of arable land. The seedbed conditions are worse than those of traditional farming. Therefore, the no-tillage planter must not only have the traditional planter's ditching, seeding, fertilizer, soil covering and repression functions, but also generally have the function of clearing the grass, breaking the soil, functioning of the seed fertilizer, and the ground. Copy function. 1. Wheat no-tillage sowing machine Wheat no-tillage sowing machine is difficult because of the narrow row spacing (usually 20cm), the difficulty in installing the anti-blocking device for cleaning the grass, and the high sowing quality of the wheat planter. At present, the major countries in the dry farming industry, such as the United States and Australia, which promote the use of conservation tillage technologies in the world, are mainly adopting two technologies on wheat no-tillage planters to solve the problems of wheat-free no-tillage planters against clogging. One is the use of disc type or sharp angle shovel type openers, the United States uses more disc type, its characteristics are good through, but the structure is complex, heavy weight, expensive; Australia uses more sharp-angled type, its structure Simple, reliable work, but easy to hang grass, through the disc type. The second is the use of multi-beam structures. For example, seed drills with pointed openers in Australia generally have five beams. Beams are about 1 m away from the beam, and openers are placed on different beams. In this way, the opener spacing on the same beam can reach more than 1m. Its feature is that the planter has a long vertical distance and can only adopt the traction type, and the row type fertilizer has to adopt the high-priced pneumatic structure. Both types of no-tillage planters are not suitable for the current situation of small plots, small tractor power, and low purchasing power of farmers. Therefore, the no-tillage planter suitable for China's national conditions can only be developed on its own. The 2BMF-9 type wheat no-tillage planter developed by China Agricultural University basically adopts a double-beam structure, so that the opener spacing on the same beam reaches 40cm (row spacing 20cm). Shovel, small resistance, small agitation of the soil, is conducive to conservation. Install deep-cutting grass discs in front of the openers, and can successfully sow under certain straw coverage (all straws with 250kg/mu yield can be returned to the field); adopt a patented product “composite opener†(Figure 1) To achieve vertical application of seed fertilizer, by adjusting the distance between the lower and the next tube and the vertical height of the next tube, you can change the spacing between fertilizers and seeds, and the maximum seedling spacing can reach more than 5cm, and fertilization can be achieved when the seeds are sown. Large and deep fertilization requirements; Openers installed on the parallel quadrilateral profiling mechanism to ensure seed quality under uneven conditions. The machine passed the performance test of the agricultural machinery appraisal terminal of the Ministry of Agriculture. 2BMF-9 type wheat no-tillage seeder is powered by an iron cattle-55 (65) tractor, but the machine is self-contained (about 900kg), which has a high requirement for the suspension mechanism of the tractor and the relatively high price, making the machine The promotion has been limited. Taking the 2BMF-9 type wheat no-tillage planter (Fig. 2) as a prototype, China Agricultural University, Shanxi Agricultural Machinery Bureau and Shanxi Xinyi Machinery Plant cooperated to jointly develop 2BMF-11 (9) (medium machine), 2BMF-6 (7) (Minicomputers) and other products. Its common feature is the use of short-wing angled trenching shovels and "composite type openers", eliminating the need for deep-cutting grass discs, eliminating the limited four-sided bar profiling mechanism, making the weight and price of the whole machine down, and adapting to the requirements of the promotion. . This series of seeders is currently in volume production. No. 2BMF-11(9) wheat no-tillage planter produced by Xinyi Machinery Plant. In addition to the short wing tip shovel and the compound type opener, the ground wheel adopts inflatable rubber wheels, which can reduce the coverage of straw. The phenomenon of skidding on the ground is also not easy for clay; the suppression wheel is hollow rubber type, and it is also to reduce clay. The machine's supporting power is a tractor such as Shanghai-50 or an iron cattle-55 (65). Among them, 11 rows of machines can accommodate larger, flatter land with higher ergonomic efficiency; 9-row machines are adapted to smaller lands and can be reduced. The amount of rebroadcasting at the last sowing of small plots, and at the same time as the smaller width of the whole machine, can help to improve the sowing quality when sowing on unevenly-shaped plots. Fig. 3 shows the 2BMF-6(7) wheat no-tillage planter produced by Xinyi Machinery Plant. Its structural features are the same as those of the medium-sized machine. The supporting power is a 18-horsepower small four-wheel tractor. If the specific soil specific resistance is small and the performance of the supporting tractor is good, it can be equipped with 7 rows of machines or a 6-row machine with a 15 horsepower small four-wheel tractor; if the specific soil resistance is large, the 18 horsepower tractor can only pull 6 line machine. Figure 4 shows the 2BMF-6(5) wheat no-tillage planter produced by Hebei Nonghaha. The improvement is the use of iron ground wheels with gripper claws to replace the inflatable rubber wheels, and the ditching on the front row beams. The use of a folding shovel handle allows the trencher to reach forward, resulting in a more compact structure and a further reduction in weight and price. 2BMF-5 type glutinous no-tillage planter, mainly designed for sowing in cool regions. The machine is characterized by the use of fine-toothed small-displacement metering devices to meet the needs of small grain and pod sowing rates. It also increases the width of the ground wheel and can be adapted to the requirements of shallow depth of sow seeding and strict sowing requirements. Large row spacing (28cm), suitable for row spacing requirements of cereal crops. 2, no-till corn planter corn no-tillage sowing machine developed and used in our country earlier, many manufacturers have a summer wheat planting summer corn no-tillage planter, some of which can be used for one year Corn in a ripe area is sown without tillage. Compared to the wheat no-tillage planter, the development of a no-tillage corn planter has a large amount of corn stalks and a large amount of roots; the easy side is a wide row of corn (55 to 70 cm), which is conducive to the arrangement of anti-blocking devices. . The following takes the 2BMQF-4C corn no-tillage planter developed by the China Agricultural University as an example (Fig. 6) to introduce the grass-free anti-blocking device for corn no-tillage planter, the device for breaking the soil into the soil, the seed fertilizer distribution device and the ground profiling. Devices and their respective characteristics. 1) Grass-free anti-blocking device Corn no-tillage seeder To prevent straw from winding parts or plugging the body, the following types of grass-based anti-blocking devices are mainly used: Cut grass plate + sub-grass plate type anti-blocking device This grass anti-blocking device A cut-throat cut-off disc is installed in front of the opener, and a sub-grasping board is installed between the cut-though-cut disc and the opener. When the machine advances, the deep cut grass disc cuts the straw and the soil first (can be cut off. Part of the dried and rotted straw) is divided into turfgrass (grass) and the straw and weeds are divided into two sides. The subsequent opener can be sown without straw or straw. Tests have shown that this anti-blocking device can be passed in the case where the amount of corn straw is 4 to 5 tons/ha. The figure-shaped double-disc sub-grass device installs two concave discs arranged in a “character shape†in front of the opener, which has a strong effect on the discharge of the comminuted corn stalk. When there is a dry soil layer on the surface of the soil, the dry soil can also be left open to allow the seeds to be planted on wet soil. However, this device has a large amount of soil turning, and the open soil is easy to run. Cutting grass tray + gear grass trimmer This grass clearance device shown in Figure 7 is a patented product developed by China Agricultural University. Cut the straw first cut the straw and play a role in limiting depth. After the cutting of the grass disk, two gear teeth are mounted in a "figure 8" shape. When the machine is advancing, the straw is divided into two sides, and then the ditch is sown. This type of drainage device has strong drainage capacity (up to 10 tons/ha), and it almost does not stir the soil except for the cutting of the disc, which is conducive to the protection of earthworms. Ribbon comminution type grass removal device This device is an organic combination of straw smasher and seeder. In order to reduce the crushing resistance, the crusher is installed only before the opener, and when the machine advances, the crusher driven by the power output shaft crushes the straw and flings it to both sides of the opener. This kind of device has a strong capacity for discharging, but the whole machine has a large weight, a complex structure, and a high price. 2) Breaking the earthworms The equipment for arable land is relatively hard and there are roots of crops. Therefore, it is required to choose openers with strong earthing ability. At present, there are double disc opener, shoe opener, spade spade opener and pointed opener on corn no-tillage planter. The double-disc opener is not easy to wrap around or pick up the roots, but the open soil runs a lot and is not easy to return to the soil; the shoe opener can produce a good groove shape, and also has a good pass through the straw cover. Performance, but both openers need a large positive pressure to enter the soil, and it is more difficult to achieve seed fertilizer application, especially deep fertilization is not easy to achieve. The shovel-type openers are mostly used for the sowing of post-harvest post-harvest corn in the two ripe areas of one year. There is certain difficulty in using the corn stalks in the ripening area of ​​one year. The angular opener is an Australian opener imported from China Agricultural University during the conservation tillage research process. It has a strong ability to enter the earth, a narrow trench (small amount of earth moving), a strong ability to automatically return soil, and a simple structure. Reliable work, low prices and other features. This kind of opener is used on the 2BMQF-4C corn no-tillage seeder developed by China Agricultural University. 3) Fertilizer splitting device There is a large amount of fertilizer when corn is grown in China, generally above 20kg/mu, and the row spacing of corn is large. In this way, the amount of fertilizer under each row is also large. When fertilizing while sowing, in order to avoid burned seeds, There should be 4 to 5cm spacing between species and fertilizer. At present, there are three methods for applying fertilizers to corn seedlings on the no-tillage planter: side split application, vertical split application and lateral deep application. The 2BMQF-4C corn no-tillage planter developed by the China Agricultural University adopts the same “composite opener†as the wheat no-tillage planter to realize the vertical distribution of seed fertilizer. The spacing between seeds and fertilizers is more than 5cm, which can meet the need for large amount of fertilizer. Under the requirements of not burning seeds. The 2BMF-4(2) corn no-tillage seeder produced by Shanxi Xinyi Machinery Plant uses a seed fertilizer side plant, ie, two openers, one for fertilization and one for seeding, with a spacing of 8 to 10cm, due to shallow soil intake. Therefore, the power consumption is small. 4) Surface profiling device Due to straw cover and lack of flat work, the protective tillage surface is not as good as traditional flat. In order to ensure consistent sowing depth, most medium-sized corn no-tillage seeders use a parallel quadrilateral single profiling device to improve sowing. Deep uniformity. However, the two rows of corn no-tillage planters, which are generally matched with small-sized tractors, are overall profiling. The 2BMQF-4C corn no-tillage planter developed by China Agricultural University uses a patented product "cutting board + gear-type grass-picking wheel" to prevent grass from being blocked, and uses a compound-type trenching system with a short-wing type of trenching scoop. "The device" implements vertical splitting of soils and fertilizers, and a parallel quadrilateral profiling mechanism implements the monomer profile. The machine is equipped with an iron 55 (65) tractor. Fig. 8 shows the 2BMF-4 type corn no-tillage seeder produced by Shanxi Xinyi Machinery Plant. This machine adopts double-disc type grass cleaning device, short-wing shovel type opener and double opener to realize seed fertilizer. Side application, fertilizer, species spacing up to 8 ~ 10cm. Monomer profiling. The supporting power is the Tieyang-55 (65) or Shanghai-50 tractor. Fig. 9 shows the 2BMF-2 corn no-tillage seeder produced by Shanxi Xinyi Machinery Plant, except that the supporting power is a small four-wheel tractor and the other structure is the same as the 2BMF-4 type machine. 3. The deep-sinking machine The deep-song machine is a farming method based on ploughing, which uses loose pines to loosen the soil and deepen the plough without turning the soil. Shensong can adjust the soil compared to the three, improve the soil structure of the plough layer, and improve the water storage and drought resistance of the soil. The coexisting soil structure formed by deep looseness contributes to gas exchange, mineral decomposition, activation of microorganisms, and fertility. Therefore, in the dryland conservation tillage, deep pine was identified as a basic minimum tillage operation. According to the requirements of conservation tillage and the characteristics of operations, it has been experimentally concluded that there is no need to deepen each year, because the ability to store and resist drought in soil after deep soiling depends not only on soil structure, but also on the amount of post-deep precipitation. If there is more precipitation after deep relaxation, deeper pine can indeed store more water; on the contrary, if there is less rainfall after deep relaxation, it will run away. Therefore, it is generally believed that when the soil bulk density reaches 1.3 g/cm3 (loam) or 1.4 g/cm3 (clay) or in areas where conservation tillage is started, in order to break the plough bottom layer formed through many years of traditional cultivation, the first year can be carried out. Deep loose. Later depending on the circumstances. The deep-seated operation of conservation tillage is carried out under the conditions of straw mulching, so it requires a strong passability. The current deep-fluffing machines used in production are mainly divided into column type (chisel type and shovel type) and inverted trapezoidal deep loosening machines. Two kinds. Column type subsoilers have good soiling performance, but generally loose soil trenches remain on the surface after loose soil, which will affect the quality of subsequent sowing operations. In addition, due to the fact that the column type subsoiler is a single row beam, deep-separated between the monomers The single distance is small, and jamming may occur when the straw coverage is large. Inverted trapezoidal all-terrain deep soil loosening machine has good performance, after the loose soil is smooth on the surface, the amount of soil stirring is small, but this kind of deep-steaming machine requires large power, and it is easy to produce plugging phenomenon in the straw cover. The 1SY-120 winged shovel deep extractor developed by China Agricultural University's Dryland Conservation Farming Task Force was designed specifically for adapting to conservation tillage. The machine has the following features: Adopting a chisel-type shovel column imported from Australia, it has good earthing performance; The spade shovel is installed on the shovel column, and the depth of the spade shovel is adjustable. In this way, the bottom layer can be deep and loose, and the surface layer can be completely loosened. The deep loosening shovel column is installed on the front and rear two rows of beams. The horizontal and vertical spacing between the adjacent deep loose shovels is large, and the straw has good passing performance in the straw covering area; Deep lofting machine is equipped with a profile type repression roller to ensure that the surface is smooth and flat. 4, shallow loose machine research found that the shallow loosening machine with a large spade shovel is the best equipment for conservation tillage before sowing operation, its role is loose soil (reducing the ditching resistance of the sowing openers), weeding, flatland and so on. Figure 11 shows an inter-row loosening machine suitable for maize conservation tillage developed by the China Agricultural University and a medium-sized tractor. Figure 12 shows a comprehensive small-scale loosening machine suitable for wheat-based farming combined with a small four-wheel tractor. . The above two types of loosing machines are all test machines, and they are still products. 5. In addition to the above implements, other implements also require straw crusher, sprayer, notched disc harrow, or countersink, etc. in the implementation of mechanized conservation tillage. Sometimes, rotary cultivators are also used as required. These implements have no special Requirements, the same performance requirements as traditional work tools.