2017 will be an important year for the development of precision medicine

In 2015, Obama announced that the US government will invest hundreds of millions of dollars in the " precision medical plan." Doctors and scientists are excited about this forward-looking project, but it is understandable that patients are confused about why such modern medicine is not accurate. The problem is that, like people's fingerprints, everyone is different. Sometimes, this difference does not matter. The antibiotics, painkillers, and statins prescribed by doctors are effective. However, in some cases, this difference is crucial. It may affect the success or failure of a disease, and may also cause danger. Even fatal adverse reactions.

Precision medicine (or “customized” medicine) hopes to cope with these differences and cure the disease more effectively. This difference may stem from a potential genetic difference or a subtle difference in intracellular metabolites. Although the Obama project has just begun, it has made a lot of progress and is expected to make more progress in the future. Customized drugs have had a huge impact on oncology. Today, cancer is not considered a disease of a specific organ. Instead, doctors now classify cancer based on the molecular mechanisms triggered by specific genetic mutations. Therefore, drugs developed for the treatment of colorectal cancer may prove to be effective for this completely different body part of the breast.

This means that genetic and molecular information is rapidly becoming essential in monitoring and treating cancer. Genetic testing of cancerous living tissue is already common. The scope and breadth of the above tests are expanding every month, and the knowledge of the test results and potential applications is increasing. For example, a new test can identify when a woman diagnosed with breast cancer can not refrain from chemotherapy. The test examines the activity of genes that control cancer development and spread, and identifies women who have a low risk of cancer recurrence and who do not have significant chemotherapy.

2017年视为精准医疗繁荣发展的一年

DNA detection technologies such as Oncotype dx and MammaPrint can help doctors choose treatment options. A recent trial found that for one-fifth of patients with advanced cancer, DNA testing can identify treatment options that slow tumor progression. Similarly, current genetic testing may help identify which diseases of advanced prostate cancer patients are caused by mutations in DNA-repair genes, and such patients need to use another drug. Customized drugs are also promising for identifying which patients may benefit from a potent but expensive new drug for immuno-oncology. Such new drugs appear to be effective only in some patients.

Many companies are developing "liquid biopsies" - blood tests designed to monitor cancer treatment response. Unlike regular biopsy, patients can perform "liquid biopsy" frequently without causing harm to the body. Companies such as Foundation Medicine, Qiagen, and Genomic Health are developing and are expected to be used in the next year or two.

Today, the design of medicines is also more personalized. Researchers are excited about the new generation of car-t drugs. T cells (special immune cells) are extracted from cancer patients and then introduced into a new gene by customizing the virus. Once the above t cells are reintroduced into the patient, they will target the patient's specific cancer. This is a highly personalized and effective treatment, but there are risks. However, biotech company Kite Pharma hopes to bring its drug kte-c19, a drug for refractory malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, to market in 2017.

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